The Best Form of Public Spending Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Best Form of Public Spending - Essay Example In any case, there is a requirement for different governments to pick the fitting and most ideal approach to spend assets. Since high destitution level is basic in numerous nations, it, thusly, establishes the most concerning issue on the planet. Measurements show that half of the total populace lives underneath the destitution level of $ 2.50 per day. The genuine numbers from the record gauge this number to be 3 billion individuals in the whole world. It, in this way, implies over portion of the total populace endures since they live on not exactly $ 2.50 a day subsequently can't bear to buy the greater part of their needs. Also, 22000 kids bite the dust day by day because of the impacts of neediness on the planet (Pogge, 2008). In this manner, the best type of open spending involves assigning assets and utilizing them to lessen and reduce neediness. Â The significant capacity of each administration is to shield its residents from the impacts of neediness. Supporting this diminishes hopelessness among the residents subsequently guaranteeing that they acknowledge and bolster the administration by being devoted and steadfast. Subsequently, since high destitution expands the degrees of melancholy, its decrease limits sorrow levels in residents consequently, improving the expectations for everyday comforts (Coate, Knight and National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009). Through the portion of satisfactory assets and utilizing it in financing different tasks planned for decreasing neediness levels and enabling its residents, the legislature spends its assets in the most ideal manner conceivable. Â In end, the best type of open going through ought to be that with the best advantage to residents. Consequently, every legislature ought to endeavor at decreasing the degree of neediness on the planet since this will check human misery and improve their expectations for everyday comforts. In any case, this job ought not exclusively be left to the administration. People need to offer help to the administration in this way guaranteeing the accomplishment of the activity.

Critically examine the similarities and differences between public and Essay

Basically analyze the similitudes and contrasts among open and private annoyance. Bolster answer with significant rule and case law - Essay Example Albeit such check may make bother numerous people however none can be permitted to bring a common activity for that, in any case there might be several activities for a. single demonstration of open disturbance. To stay away from assortment of suits the law makes open irritation just an offense culpable under criminal law. In specific cases, when any individual endures some extraordinary or specific harm, unique in relation to what is incurred upon open all in all, a common right of activity is accessible to the individual harmed. What is in any case an open disturbance, additionally turns into a private aggravation so far as the individual enduring exceptional harm as concerned. The articulation unique harm in this setting implies harm caused to a gathering in contradistinction to people in general at biggest For instance, burrowing channel on an open roadway may make bother open on the loose. No individual from general society, who is in this way impeded or needs to take a redirection alongside others, can sue under common law. Be that as it may, if any of them endures more harm than endured by people in general everywhere, e.g., is seriously harmed by falling into the channel, he can sue in tort. So as to continue a common activity in regard of an open annoyance confirmation of unique and specific h arm is fundamental. The verification of unique harm qualifies the offended party for bring a common activity for what might be in any case an open annoyance. Along these lines, if the remaining of ponies and wagons for an irrationally significant time-frame outside : keeps an eye on house Creates obscurity and awful stench for the tenants of the house and furthermore blocks the entrance of clients into it, the harm is ‘particular, direct and substantial’ and qualifies the occupier for keep up an action.(Benjamin v. Storr,(1874) L.R.9C.P.400) In ‘Rose v. Milles’(1815; 4M.&S.101): the respondent unjustly secured his scow over an open traversable break. This obstructed the route for offended parties flatboats and the offended party needed to bring about extensive

How To Tell If Your Car Loan is Predatory

How To Tell If Your Car Loan is Predatory How To Tell If Your Car Loan is Predatory How To Tell If Your Car Loan is PredatoryFor people who absolutely need a car, falling into the clutches of a predatory auto lender could spell true disaster.Depending on where you live, a car may be a necessity, but dang it if the things arent really expensive! Most people can’t just plop down a suitcase full of cash and purchase a car on the spot, even a used car. And that means if you want to get a new car, you’ll probably need a loan.Unfortunately, many predatory lenders know that cars are vital and that people without great credit scores or financial histories won’t necessarily be able to access a proper loan to get the car they need.So how can you tell if the car loan you’re considering is predatory? Buckle in and find out! Double-decker interest rates.If your credit rating is in the high 700s or beyond, you’re in a good position to get a “good” car loan. You can go to an established bank or credit union, apply for a secured installment loan and get your car purch ase funded at an interest rate under 4 percent.You’ll be able to pay that loan back in regular, manageable monthly payments, and those payments will be amortizing, so you’ll be paying off some of the principal and some of the interest with each payment. That means, barring disaster, you shouldn’t get stuck in a debt hole you can’t pay off.If your credit score is not so hot, however, youll have to get the auto loan equivalent of a bad credit loan, and that means going somewhere other than a bank: either a “Buy Here, Pay Here” dealership or from some other kind of sub-prime lender. And that’s where you need to be very careful because here there be many predatory loans!“The simplest definition of predatory lending is financing that imposes high interest rates or overly restrictive loan conditions,” explained RJ Mansfield (@DebtAssassin1), consumers rights advocate and author of Debt Assassin: A Black Ops Guide to Cleaning Up Your Credit. “For instance, uncommonly sh ort repayment terms and interest rates over 10 percent on an auto loan.”Read that contract very, very carefully.Predatory lenders thrive on confusing contracts. And let’s face it, “confusing contracts” is a pretty redundant pair of words. Do you actually know what you’re agreeing to when you sign into iTunes? We don’t either.But if you’re getting a car loan, it’s very important that you read that contract very carefully. Maybe even consider bringing in a friend who has some knowledge on loan contracts, if you have one.“I advise consumers to take the time to read and understand their obligations under any contract,” Mansfield told us. “If they dont understand something, ask. If they dont get an answer they can live with, walk away.”What sort of traps might be in that contract? Many predatory lenders will tack on as many “junk fees” as possible. You should be suspicious if you see things like “rust proofing” and “vehicle service contracts.” As Mansf ield said, don’t be afraid to ask about anything and everything. If they’re trying to rush you into a deal, that’s a bad sign.Beware of giant down payments.Most car purchases require some kind of down payment. This is money you’re expected to pay upfront before receiving the car. If you have good credit and can get a proper car loan, you should probably expect to pay around 10 to 20% of the car’s total price as a down payment.Of course, you could pay more if you’re able to and want to, and then you won’t have to pay as much interest in the long run.But if you’re only given the option for a much higher down payment, that should be taken as a red flag. Predatory car lenders want to get as much money upfront as they can because their payment terms are so difficult to manage, they know it probably won’t be long before the borrower can’t make their payments and the car is repossessed.A huge down payment allows them to get as much money as they can before seizing the c ar and selling it someone else, starting the process over again.Make the best judgment you can.If you have good credit, a lot of money saved up, or a potential co-signer, you’re in a good car buying situation.If you don’t have any of those things and you need a car… well, unless you can win one for cheap at a police auction, you’re going to have to figure out what negative loan aspects you can manage within your budget.You should try to avoid as many of these predatory aspects as you can, but you’ll probably have to make some concessions.“If you have a credit score of under 660 you are either going to be declined, asked to make a substantially higher down-payment than normal or approved at an extremely high interest rate,” acknowledged RJ.“If you must have a car is that predatory or helpful? The most important factor in an borrowing is, ‘Can I afford the monthly payment?’”We’ve given you the warning signs to look out for, but at the end of the day, you have t o take stock of your needs and make a decision. We get that owning a car might be a complete and total necessity. Hopefully, this advice will help you shop around to find best (or maybe just the least bad) car loan you can.If you have bad credit, youll need to watch out for more than predatory car loans. Short-term no credit check loans like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances could also put your finances in danger.  To learn more about borrowing money when you have bad credit, check out these related posts from OppLoans:5 Alarming Payday Loan StatisticsThe Benefits (and Drawbacks) to No Credit Check Installment Loans5 States Where People Need to Watch Out for Predatory Title Loans“Uh-Oh, I Need Money Now!” 4 Fast Cash Options for People With Bad CreditWhat other questions do you have about predatory lending? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.ContributorsRJ Mansfield (@DebtAssassin1) is a consumers rights advocate and author of  Debt Assassin: A Black Ops Guide to Cleaning Up Your Credit

Names of Professions and Jobs for English Learners

All English learners, no matter their age or background, should be familiar with the names for common jobs and professions. Knowing these will help you better communicate in a variety of situations, whether you are traveling, shopping, or simply having a conversation with a new friend. Examples of jobs and professions—and how to use each one in a sentence—appear below. Arts Design Professionals who work in the field of arts and design include architects, who design homes and other buildings; actors, who appear on stage, on TV, and in movies; and writers, who produce poetry, articles, and books. Examples of these professions appear in the following sentences: Actor - Famous actors make millions of dollars from their films.Architect - The architect drew up the blueprints for the building.Designer - Our designer will completely redo your store with a new look.  Editor - The editor of a newspaper must decide which articles to print.Musician - Its difficult to make a living as a musician playing an instrument.Painter - The painter creates beautiful pictures with his brush.Photographer - A photographer does their best to capture a special instant in time on film.Writer - The writer wrote a fantastic book about zombies. Business Business is a huge field that includes a diverse range of jobs, from accountants, who keep track of money, to managers, who direct business operations and employees. Positions range from entry-level clerks to highly experienced company directors. Examples of these jobs appear in the following sentences: Accountant -  Accountants  keep track of how money is earned and spent.Clerk - Talk to the clerk about depositing a check.Company director - Our company director issued the yearly report.Manager - A manager takes care of the business arrangements for famous, and not so famous, artists and musicians.Salesperson - Salespersons are always nice, and theyre happy to help you with something youd like to buy. Education Research One of the most common education careers is teacher, someone who instructs students in a variety of different fields, from science to the arts. Other education careers are more research-driven. Economists, for example, study the economy, while scientists investigate a range of different topics.  Examples of these jobs appear in the following sentences: Economist - An economist studies how different economic systems function.Scientist - The scientist might work for years before coming up with the results of an experiment.Teacher - While often underpaid and overworked, teachers educate children that will one day be our future. Food One of the largest job fields is the food industry, which encompasses all the jobs involved in the production, preparation, and sale of food, from the farmers who plant and harvest vegetables to the wait staff who end up serving those vegetables in restaurants.  Examples of food-related jobs appear in the following sentences: Baker - I bought three loaves from the local baker.Butcher - Could you go to the butcher and get a few steaks?Chef - The chef prepared a marvelous four-course meal.Cook - The cook was responsible for simple meals such as hamburgers and bacon and eggs. Cooks are members of the  foodservice industry.Farmer - The farmer sold his vegetables at the local farmers market on Saturdays.Fisherman - The fishermen in this area have seen commercial salmon fishing decline over the years.Waitperson - Ask the waitperson for the menu, Im starving! Healthcare Healthcare is one of the most important industries and includes life-savers such as doctors and surgeons. It also includes nurses and caretakers, who are responsible for monitoring and assisting individuals with health conditions.  Examples of healthcare jobs appear in the following sentences: Caretaker - Its important that a caretaker be very empathetic with a family that has lost a loved one.Dentist - The dentist explained the root canal procedure to the patient at his  dental appointment.Doctor - Do you think I should see a doctor for this cold?Nurse - Nurses make sure patients needs are taken care of in hospitals.Optician - The optician checks your eyesight to see if you need glasses.Surgeon - Surgeons dont have any problem cutting someone open. Its their job!

The Use Of A Zipcode Not Only Divides Postal Routes

The use of a zipcode not only divides postal routes, but used as a mechanism to determine economic class status. Socioeconomic status is based on education, occupation, family income, and social bonds. Neighborhoods productivity relies on these factors in order to be viewed as valuable by society. When neighborhoods don’t meet the expectations they are labeled as the hood. Once this label is attached anyone who resides in these neighborhoods are preconceived as being ghetto. Once labeled individuals do one of two things conform to the label or make a priority to prove the label wrong. Research shows that your place of residency plays a vital role in determining the engagement delinquency. It has been determined that crime can be measured†¦show more content†¦Society tends to measure a person worth by what area of town a person is from or resides. Let’s take Louisville for example, each part of town is known for something either negative or positive, defined by its appearance and the people that it produces. The four areas of town are west- end, south -end, east-end and downtown of Louisville. The west-end houses predominately African Americans and is considered to be the worst end of town because of its high crime and violence rate, residence tend to have a considerable low income status, high rate of single mothers, and not meeting educational levels, and little no value of the appearance of the community. The south-end houses a mixture of races where blue color families reside, tend to have more settled neighborhoods with a sense of community, educational levels are met, and more likely to be a two parent home. The east-end houses predominately white citizens with a higher income status housing white collar families, educational levels are met and exceeded, some might consider living in the east-end the American dream. The downtown area is a mixture of businesses and a few residential areas that has a considerable amount of crime, homel essness and poverty. Defining of these areas directly affects African American males who socialize outside of their community. Society expects the individual to uphold the notion of their zip-code creating social control. Individuals coming from the west-end and downtown

Personalized assistive technology plan Free Essays

In my class, there are students from   five grades, with differing requirements. We only have one computer, shared by students who each need it for 6-7 hours a week. I would (a) increase the amount of time of   visual learning keeping in mind the special needs of some students (b) like to incorporate more interactive learning into curriculum work that should reduce the tedium of books and increase more interest and (c) with more computer time available per student, encourage them to acquire new skills through the PC. We will write a custom essay sample on Personalized assistive technology plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would present my plan to the principle, and request the help oh (Mike) my 4th grade colleague, to install and start the various new programs. Wish list , justification and approximate budget, in the order I would like them : 1. New Multi-user Pentium Dual-Core PC 1.6 GHz, 1.5 GB RAM, good graphics accelerator and sound card (estimated $ 700) and large 22 inch flat-panel monitor ( estimated $ 200). This should be used primarily for :   multimedia programs for visual learning, short DVD movies on various educational themes, phonics, language learning, my teacher training programs, assistive software for special education.   Ã‚  Mike needs to connect this to the internet as well transfer a few older files/software. I have to discuss it with the Principal. (Being multi-user in design, it will be much cheaper to create additional stations in future, by just adding extra monitors and keyboards. In the future, as school work will become more and more computer based it’s a low cost investment for the future). 2. Additional headset, special needs keyboard ( one child struggles on our current one), and multipoint electrical outlet as we have none spare at the moment – estimated cost ($ 90)   : could pay out of my own budget, but could try the School Budget too. 3. Educational, Assistive (Visual) and games software: (a) Phonics software to cover all grades in my class- Phonics plus Five, seen the demo, would help at least half the children (spelling, grammar, reading, sounds etc). Package contains workbooks, which can be copied for multiple use. Normal price $ 250, but can get large academic discount plus multiple licenses discount on top. Got to discuss with principal, as I need her permission on the   educational policy aspect too. (b) MathWhizz online subscription ($ 39.99 per month or $ 360 per year) : Maths is definitely the most boring subject for most kids in my class, and improving maths grades is   a priority. No free online resource for schools identified . For all other subjects, we are okay at present, but Math needs special attention. Got to discuss with principal. ( c) Spanish language software : Three children have requested this, as part of their extracurricular plans, at a basic level only. ($ 25 only, will pay from class budget as it is not linked to core school curriculum). (d) Games – I have asked all children to submit their choice of games as usual (every 3 months), and the top two titles I selected this time to cover geography and new puzzles. I have not agreed on online games for their addictive potential, and it is worth spending the $ 40 or so every 3 months. Principal agrees, though   could pay from my class budget too. (e) Webcam and microphone   – not a priority, sometime later this year. More schools are linking up for online conferences. I will speak to Mike first about requirements before budgeting.   I will update the plan in 6 months.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sd/- Nancy Choi  Ã‚   February 15, 2008. How to cite Personalized assistive technology plan, Essay examples

Taxation of Investment Funds

Question: Discuss about the Taxation of Investment Funds. Answer: Introduction: According to the legalization of section 5 and 6 of the Income Tax Assessment, ordinary incomes imply the amount of assessable income of individuals from a process of a definite ordinary concept (Brudno, 1958). In the case study given, the Australian resident named as Peta purchased a property two years ago in Kew. The property also includes two old tennis courts. Peta is also aiming to divide the two courts into three and selling those after the renovation stages (Boxer, 2008). In this scenario, a local tennis club wants to purchase that two tennis courts. In the present condition, the ordinary income has to be calculated (McKinnon, 1993). The incomes generated from dividends, wages, interests, commissions and bonuses are considered as the ordinary income of an individual. In the given case study, Peta gain an amount from the deal of selling the two tennis courts to the local tennis clubs. She invested $100,000 for the process of renovation of that two tennis courts (Brudno, 1958). As per actual concepts, the ordinary incomes are the incomes that are excluded from the income tax returns (Mills, 1925). Peta was aiming to sell the tennis courts by after all the renovation works and also the process of dividing the tennis court into three parts. In the mean time, she got a good offer from a local tennis club and she sold the courts with an overall profit margin of $500,000. This income of Peta is classified as her ordinary income. In accordance with the legal guidelines of Income Tax Act (1997), the earnings of Peta come under the category of replication of the original property for aiming to earn a desired profit (Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion, 2002). Applicable laws and legal guidelines In accordance with the taxation laws of America, the incomes of the residents are classified into various types namely ordinary income, statutory income etc. ("Taxation of Imported Books in Australia", 1932). Both the 5 and 6 sections of the ITA regulation include all the necessary guidelines of ordinary incomes (Hogan, 2012). As per this guidelines, any types of assessable income of the individual residents of the country is comes under the category of ordinary income category. Being a foreign resident, Peta earns a profit from the deal of selling the tennis grounds to the local sports organization (Dabner, n.d.). This income is also comes under the ordinary income laws. The tax on this income is also calculated at the financial year ending phase as this income comes under the taxable income category (Hogan, 2012). The incomes that are excluded from the category of ordinary income as per the income tax legalization of Australia are: If the earnings of the individuals comes under the category of cash prize other than the process of business. Individuals get the money from others as gift The earnings from the resources related to the hobbies of the individuals are also not included in the category of ordinary income (Dabner, n.d.). The money earned from the insurance policies also not included in the category of ordinary income Same situation was occurred in a case among the Cooling and FCT. In that case, the court declared the earning as ordinary income when a property was being sold. Implementation of the laws In the given scenario, the earning from the process of selling of the tennis court property of Peta is comes under the group of ordinary income according to the legalization of Australian Income Tax laws (Robbins, et al, 1926). During the stages of purchase of property by Peta, the conditions of the tennis courts were very poor. So, she decided to make three different units of the two tennis courts and sell them after the process of performing all the required maintenance work of the tennis courts ("Taxation of Imported Books in Australia", 1932). Her prime aim was to earn profit by utilizing the backyard portion of her property (Issues for consideration in taxation reform, 1985). In this situation, she got good offer from a local sports organization. So, she dropped her idea of making three parts of the tennis courts (Taxation in Australia, 1983). She makes the necessary renovation works on the tennis filed and sold the tennis courts at $600,000. This earnings of Peta is comes under the rule of ordinary income. The above study implies that the earring of Peta of an amount of $500,000 from the deal of selling the tennis courts. She also spends some amount for the renovation works of the two tennis courts. The amount of she has gain from the deal is too high and it comes under the ITA acts (Taxation in Australia, 1983). Although this profit is not included in the ordinary income rules, the profit she gained is comes under the category of earning from the process of sales of capital assets (Issues for consideration in taxation reform, 1985). So, the earning of Peta is included in the category of Capital Gains Tax. Alan is an employee of the company ABC Pty ltd. The offers he got from his company include: He will be paid $300,000 as his salary The organization also provides a mobile phone to Alan, and in addition they also provide the amount $220 per month to Alan for the payment of monthly mobile bills and this is also included in GST. If the monthly bill for the cell phone exceeds that amount, Alan has to pay the rest money. Alan used the mobile only for his official purpose. The organization also pays the fees for the education of his children. The organization pays an amount of $20,000 as the school fees of his children (Kenny, n.d.). According to the legalization of Australia, the school fees will not comes under the category of GST. He was agreeing with the terms and conditions of the organization and joined the company (LAFFER, 1942). The company offered him a latest mobile phone that costs $2,000 and this amount is comes under GST. The organization throws a party during the period of year ending to celebrate their success at a local Thai restaurant. The party was thrown for 20 employees of the organization that costs $6,600 and this amount is included under the GST taxation (Kenny, n.d.). The organization has to calculate Fringe Benefit Tax at the ending of the financial year means on the 31st March of the given year. The organization also has to consider the attainments of GST-inclusive in this context in order to effectively contribute in the association of tax credits. In this case, if the organization had workers, how the dissimilarity will occurs During the process of tax calculation, the organization also has to consider the situation if the clients are also present in the year ending party. Applicable laws and rules In accordance with the Fringe Benefits Tax of Australia, the organizations also have to provide benefits to their employees. For satisfying the employees, the organizations have to offer special benefits to their employees. The organizations have to pay FBT taxes at the rate of 49% at the time of financial year ending period (LAFFER, 1942). The expenses excluded from the FBT taxes are: Various electronic devices like Printers, GPS, laptops, mobiles etc. Provided the safety arrangements like defensive clothing offered by the organizations in the field of mines or factories Computer software Providing necessary tools and kits to the employees The above elements will not come under the category of FBT benefits. The small sized organizations whose annual turnovers are under $2 million are also excluded from the FBT tax. As per the Australian laws, if the organizations provide food facilities to their employees on daily basis and without any special occasions, then it is also not included in the FBT taxation (Lehmann Coleman, 1989). The Australian government charge Goods and Service Tax (GST) at the rate of 10%. Application of Laws The amount paid by the organization to Alan for the purpose of payment of mobile bill= $ (200*12) =$ 2400 The company pays $ 200,000 as the school fees of the Alans children. It is not included under GST, but included under FBT taxation. The organization also offers a smart phone to Alan that costs $2,000. The amount is also included under GST. The cost of the year ending party for their 20 employees is $6,000. It is also included in the FBT. Expenditure Amount Total amount paid by the organization ABC under FBT taxation for the staffs = (2,400 + 20,000 +6,000) $ = $28,400 So, the total calculation of FBT benefits for the current financial year is being considered on the amount of $ 28,400. So, the FBT tax for the organization ABC will be= $ (28,400 * 49%) = $13,916 For Part B The dinner parties offered by the business organizations are considered under the FBT tax benefits (Lehmann Coleman, 1989). So, in this case the FBT benefit amount of the organization ABC is not affected by the lower number of employees present in the party (McKinnon, 1993). The FBT amount is remaining same and it will be $ 13,916. Expenditure Amount In the case is the year ending party is not included under the FBT taxation, the revised sum under fringe benefit = $ (2,400 + 20,000) = $ 22,400 The revised amount under Fringe Benefits Taxation = $ (22,400 * 49%) = $10,976 Conclusion From above analysis, it has to be analysis that the FBT amounts are calculated for the organization ABC. The analysis also considers the situations if there will be alterations in the case studies. References Boxer, A. (2008). TAXATION IN AUSTRALIA*.Economic Record,41(96), 639-649. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1965.tb03112.x Brudno, W. (1958).Taxation in Australia. Boston: Little, Brown. Dabner, J. The Taxation of Investment Funds in Australia.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2701084 Hogan, L. (2012). Non-renewable resource taxation: policy reform in Australia*.Australian Journal Of Agricultural And Resource Economics,56(2), 244-259. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2012.00583.x Issues for consideration in taxation reform. (1985). Canberra. Kenny, P. Realisation versus Accruals Capital Gains Taxation in Australia.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2340884 LAFFER, K. (1942). TAXATION REFORM IN AUSTRALIA.Economic Record,18(2), 168-179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1942.tb02666.x Lehmann, G. Coleman, C. (1989).Taxation law in Australia. Sydney: Butterworths. McKinnon, J. (1993). Corporate disclosure regulation in Australia.Journal Of International Accounting, Auditing And Taxation,2(1), 1-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1061-9518(93)90012-i Mills, S. (1925).Taxation in Australia. London: Macmillan and Co. Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion. (2002). Washington. Robbins, L., Mills, S., Ramaiya, A. (1926). Taxation in Australia.Economica, (16), 111. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2548561 Taxation in Australia. (1983). New York, N.Y. (1114 Ave. of the Americas, New York 10036). Taxation of Imported Books in Australia. (1932).Nature,129(3257), 500-500. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/129500c0.