Personalized assistive technology plan Free Essays

In my class, there are students from   five grades, with differing requirements. We only have one computer, shared by students who each need it for 6-7 hours a week. I would (a) increase the amount of time of   visual learning keeping in mind the special needs of some students (b) like to incorporate more interactive learning into curriculum work that should reduce the tedium of books and increase more interest and (c) with more computer time available per student, encourage them to acquire new skills through the PC. We will write a custom essay sample on Personalized assistive technology plan or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would present my plan to the principle, and request the help oh (Mike) my 4th grade colleague, to install and start the various new programs. Wish list , justification and approximate budget, in the order I would like them : 1. New Multi-user Pentium Dual-Core PC 1.6 GHz, 1.5 GB RAM, good graphics accelerator and sound card (estimated $ 700) and large 22 inch flat-panel monitor ( estimated $ 200). This should be used primarily for :   multimedia programs for visual learning, short DVD movies on various educational themes, phonics, language learning, my teacher training programs, assistive software for special education.   Ã‚  Mike needs to connect this to the internet as well transfer a few older files/software. I have to discuss it with the Principal. (Being multi-user in design, it will be much cheaper to create additional stations in future, by just adding extra monitors and keyboards. In the future, as school work will become more and more computer based it’s a low cost investment for the future). 2. Additional headset, special needs keyboard ( one child struggles on our current one), and multipoint electrical outlet as we have none spare at the moment – estimated cost ($ 90)   : could pay out of my own budget, but could try the School Budget too. 3. Educational, Assistive (Visual) and games software: (a) Phonics software to cover all grades in my class- Phonics plus Five, seen the demo, would help at least half the children (spelling, grammar, reading, sounds etc). Package contains workbooks, which can be copied for multiple use. Normal price $ 250, but can get large academic discount plus multiple licenses discount on top. Got to discuss with principal, as I need her permission on the   educational policy aspect too. (b) MathWhizz online subscription ($ 39.99 per month or $ 360 per year) : Maths is definitely the most boring subject for most kids in my class, and improving maths grades is   a priority. No free online resource for schools identified . For all other subjects, we are okay at present, but Math needs special attention. Got to discuss with principal. ( c) Spanish language software : Three children have requested this, as part of their extracurricular plans, at a basic level only. ($ 25 only, will pay from class budget as it is not linked to core school curriculum). (d) Games – I have asked all children to submit their choice of games as usual (every 3 months), and the top two titles I selected this time to cover geography and new puzzles. I have not agreed on online games for their addictive potential, and it is worth spending the $ 40 or so every 3 months. Principal agrees, though   could pay from my class budget too. (e) Webcam and microphone   – not a priority, sometime later this year. More schools are linking up for online conferences. I will speak to Mike first about requirements before budgeting.   I will update the plan in 6 months.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sd/- Nancy Choi  Ã‚   February 15, 2008. How to cite Personalized assistive technology plan, Essay examples

Taxation of Investment Funds

Question: Discuss about the Taxation of Investment Funds. Answer: Introduction: According to the legalization of section 5 and 6 of the Income Tax Assessment, ordinary incomes imply the amount of assessable income of individuals from a process of a definite ordinary concept (Brudno, 1958). In the case study given, the Australian resident named as Peta purchased a property two years ago in Kew. The property also includes two old tennis courts. Peta is also aiming to divide the two courts into three and selling those after the renovation stages (Boxer, 2008). In this scenario, a local tennis club wants to purchase that two tennis courts. In the present condition, the ordinary income has to be calculated (McKinnon, 1993). The incomes generated from dividends, wages, interests, commissions and bonuses are considered as the ordinary income of an individual. In the given case study, Peta gain an amount from the deal of selling the two tennis courts to the local tennis clubs. She invested $100,000 for the process of renovation of that two tennis courts (Brudno, 1958). As per actual concepts, the ordinary incomes are the incomes that are excluded from the income tax returns (Mills, 1925). Peta was aiming to sell the tennis courts by after all the renovation works and also the process of dividing the tennis court into three parts. In the mean time, she got a good offer from a local tennis club and she sold the courts with an overall profit margin of $500,000. This income of Peta is classified as her ordinary income. In accordance with the legal guidelines of Income Tax Act (1997), the earnings of Peta come under the category of replication of the original property for aiming to earn a desired profit (Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion, 2002). Applicable laws and legal guidelines In accordance with the taxation laws of America, the incomes of the residents are classified into various types namely ordinary income, statutory income etc. ("Taxation of Imported Books in Australia", 1932). Both the 5 and 6 sections of the ITA regulation include all the necessary guidelines of ordinary incomes (Hogan, 2012). As per this guidelines, any types of assessable income of the individual residents of the country is comes under the category of ordinary income category. Being a foreign resident, Peta earns a profit from the deal of selling the tennis grounds to the local sports organization (Dabner, n.d.). This income is also comes under the ordinary income laws. The tax on this income is also calculated at the financial year ending phase as this income comes under the taxable income category (Hogan, 2012). The incomes that are excluded from the category of ordinary income as per the income tax legalization of Australia are: If the earnings of the individuals comes under the category of cash prize other than the process of business. Individuals get the money from others as gift The earnings from the resources related to the hobbies of the individuals are also not included in the category of ordinary income (Dabner, n.d.). The money earned from the insurance policies also not included in the category of ordinary income Same situation was occurred in a case among the Cooling and FCT. In that case, the court declared the earning as ordinary income when a property was being sold. Implementation of the laws In the given scenario, the earning from the process of selling of the tennis court property of Peta is comes under the group of ordinary income according to the legalization of Australian Income Tax laws (Robbins, et al, 1926). During the stages of purchase of property by Peta, the conditions of the tennis courts were very poor. So, she decided to make three different units of the two tennis courts and sell them after the process of performing all the required maintenance work of the tennis courts ("Taxation of Imported Books in Australia", 1932). Her prime aim was to earn profit by utilizing the backyard portion of her property (Issues for consideration in taxation reform, 1985). In this situation, she got good offer from a local sports organization. So, she dropped her idea of making three parts of the tennis courts (Taxation in Australia, 1983). She makes the necessary renovation works on the tennis filed and sold the tennis courts at $600,000. This earnings of Peta is comes under the rule of ordinary income. The above study implies that the earring of Peta of an amount of $500,000 from the deal of selling the tennis courts. She also spends some amount for the renovation works of the two tennis courts. The amount of she has gain from the deal is too high and it comes under the ITA acts (Taxation in Australia, 1983). Although this profit is not included in the ordinary income rules, the profit she gained is comes under the category of earning from the process of sales of capital assets (Issues for consideration in taxation reform, 1985). So, the earning of Peta is included in the category of Capital Gains Tax. Alan is an employee of the company ABC Pty ltd. The offers he got from his company include: He will be paid $300,000 as his salary The organization also provides a mobile phone to Alan, and in addition they also provide the amount $220 per month to Alan for the payment of monthly mobile bills and this is also included in GST. If the monthly bill for the cell phone exceeds that amount, Alan has to pay the rest money. Alan used the mobile only for his official purpose. The organization also pays the fees for the education of his children. The organization pays an amount of $20,000 as the school fees of his children (Kenny, n.d.). According to the legalization of Australia, the school fees will not comes under the category of GST. He was agreeing with the terms and conditions of the organization and joined the company (LAFFER, 1942). The company offered him a latest mobile phone that costs $2,000 and this amount is comes under GST. The organization throws a party during the period of year ending to celebrate their success at a local Thai restaurant. The party was thrown for 20 employees of the organization that costs $6,600 and this amount is included under the GST taxation (Kenny, n.d.). The organization has to calculate Fringe Benefit Tax at the ending of the financial year means on the 31st March of the given year. The organization also has to consider the attainments of GST-inclusive in this context in order to effectively contribute in the association of tax credits. In this case, if the organization had workers, how the dissimilarity will occurs During the process of tax calculation, the organization also has to consider the situation if the clients are also present in the year ending party. Applicable laws and rules In accordance with the Fringe Benefits Tax of Australia, the organizations also have to provide benefits to their employees. For satisfying the employees, the organizations have to offer special benefits to their employees. The organizations have to pay FBT taxes at the rate of 49% at the time of financial year ending period (LAFFER, 1942). The expenses excluded from the FBT taxes are: Various electronic devices like Printers, GPS, laptops, mobiles etc. Provided the safety arrangements like defensive clothing offered by the organizations in the field of mines or factories Computer software Providing necessary tools and kits to the employees The above elements will not come under the category of FBT benefits. The small sized organizations whose annual turnovers are under $2 million are also excluded from the FBT tax. As per the Australian laws, if the organizations provide food facilities to their employees on daily basis and without any special occasions, then it is also not included in the FBT taxation (Lehmann Coleman, 1989). The Australian government charge Goods and Service Tax (GST) at the rate of 10%. Application of Laws The amount paid by the organization to Alan for the purpose of payment of mobile bill= $ (200*12) =$ 2400 The company pays $ 200,000 as the school fees of the Alans children. It is not included under GST, but included under FBT taxation. The organization also offers a smart phone to Alan that costs $2,000. The amount is also included under GST. The cost of the year ending party for their 20 employees is $6,000. It is also included in the FBT. Expenditure Amount Total amount paid by the organization ABC under FBT taxation for the staffs = (2,400 + 20,000 +6,000) $ = $28,400 So, the total calculation of FBT benefits for the current financial year is being considered on the amount of $ 28,400. So, the FBT tax for the organization ABC will be= $ (28,400 * 49%) = $13,916 For Part B The dinner parties offered by the business organizations are considered under the FBT tax benefits (Lehmann Coleman, 1989). So, in this case the FBT benefit amount of the organization ABC is not affected by the lower number of employees present in the party (McKinnon, 1993). The FBT amount is remaining same and it will be $ 13,916. Expenditure Amount In the case is the year ending party is not included under the FBT taxation, the revised sum under fringe benefit = $ (2,400 + 20,000) = $ 22,400 The revised amount under Fringe Benefits Taxation = $ (22,400 * 49%) = $10,976 Conclusion From above analysis, it has to be analysis that the FBT amounts are calculated for the organization ABC. The analysis also considers the situations if there will be alterations in the case studies. References Boxer, A. (2008). TAXATION IN AUSTRALIA*.Economic Record,41(96), 639-649. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1965.tb03112.x Brudno, W. (1958).Taxation in Australia. Boston: Little, Brown. Dabner, J. The Taxation of Investment Funds in Australia.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2701084 Hogan, L. (2012). Non-renewable resource taxation: policy reform in Australia*.Australian Journal Of Agricultural And Resource Economics,56(2), 244-259. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.2012.00583.x Issues for consideration in taxation reform. (1985). Canberra. Kenny, P. Realisation versus Accruals Capital Gains Taxation in Australia.SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2340884 LAFFER, K. (1942). TAXATION REFORM IN AUSTRALIA.Economic Record,18(2), 168-179. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1942.tb02666.x Lehmann, G. Coleman, C. (1989).Taxation law in Australia. Sydney: Butterworths. McKinnon, J. (1993). Corporate disclosure regulation in Australia.Journal Of International Accounting, Auditing And Taxation,2(1), 1-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1061-9518(93)90012-i Mills, S. (1925).Taxation in Australia. London: Macmillan and Co. Protocol amending convention with Australia regarding double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion. (2002). Washington. Robbins, L., Mills, S., Ramaiya, A. (1926). Taxation in Australia.Economica, (16), 111. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2548561 Taxation in Australia. (1983). New York, N.Y. (1114 Ave. of the Americas, New York 10036). Taxation of Imported Books in Australia. (1932).Nature,129(3257), 500-500. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/129500c0.

Comparison of Marx and Hegel

Introduction Many scholars have considered Karl Marx a left-wing Hegelian philosopher. This is due to his disagreement with Hegel over the view that the driving force in human life is based on the academic competency or religion. Hegel observed that this was needed for connectivity, something that Marx opposed vehemently.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Marx and Hegel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this regard, it is established that the basic difference between Hegel and Marx is based on God and material goods. On his part, Hegel believed that God was in charge of everything in the world. He was in charge of people’s destinies. Marx replaced God with power and ownership of property. The major difference between the two philosophers relates to the utilization of property. Marx believed that the rich in society utilize wealth to subjugate and dominate the poor. Hegel viewed property as th e means to ends meaning that each person should possess property in order to fulfill his or her needs. This paper will therefore compare the reasoning of the two philosophers based on the dialectical method. The two philosophers concur that an individual needs property in society but they differ over the use and acquisition of property. Differences In the first place, the two classical philosophers differ over conceptualization of philosophy. Hegel viewed philosophy as an activity of thought, self-enclosed and independent. In this sense, the main function of philosophy is to document what has happened in the world. Hegel thought that offering a clarification to a particular event meant explaining it in terms of coherent inevitability. In this case, the event or an occurrence is to be explained within its immediate context. Through this, the meaning of various events could be offered to various philosophical occurrences. Furthermore, the philosopher can only offer meaning to what has already occurred but not to what is about to occur. Hegel believed that offering meaning to various events needed the presence of God, spirit and the mind (Coplestone, 1999).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This can be interpreted to mean that philosophy is self-comprehending and truth is only arrived at through God’s assistance. In comparison to Marx’s comprehension of philosophy, Hegel’s reasoning is rationally retrospective. Marx believed that social conditions and materials determine the position of individuals in society. God has nothing to do with the living standards of people. The rich are responsible for the poverty that rocks the unfortunate in society. Marx considered Hegel’s explanation a teleological metaphysics that only justifies human problems through religion. Hegel could explain poverty as a punishment from God. Marx could view the same as part of the process of capitalism. In trying to extrapolate how alienation affects the lives of individuals, Hegel utilized a dialectical method to show how human consciousness is a process that develops from simple to a more multifaceted process. He noted that human mind grows procedurally to adopt the changing events in the world. In this view, some individuals are more active than others hence the less powerful in terms of reasoning are dominated and estranged (Coplestone, 1999). Human mind has grown from what it used to be to grasp the existing nature of objects. Through this, human beings are more aware about their environment. He noted that philosophy evolves through the same dialectical method. What a certain generation holds as true is further disputed by the new generation hence generating new ideas in society. Although Marx had the same perspective as that of Hegel, Marx is more materialistic than Hegel who was an idealist. Hegel observed that ideology is the most impor tant aspect of human history. Human beings utilize ideas to dominate and suppress others in society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of Marx and Hegel specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ideology helps an individual to comprehend truth in society. Marx believed that societies could only be understood in terms of material possessions. Marx saw history as a revolution in the modes of production. The history changed from feudal mode of production to the current capitalistic mode. In the current mode, human life is characterized by competition, subjugation, pauperization and hopelessness. All these can only be rectified through a revolution. The proletariat should rise up against the bourgeoisie and claim leadership. For Hegel, the lives of people in society are influenced by objects, which are needed in case life is to proceed well. The same objects are the major causes of alienation. The objects are needed by individuals to accomplish their tasks. Without the objects, people can do nothing to satisfy their needs. Therefore, the religious leaders utilize the objects to dominate and suppress the poor (Marx, 1988). From Hegel’s analysis, it is evident that alienation is inevitable in human history. Alienation is natural to human beings, which is shaped by objects. The objects keep on changing in shape and form. It reaches a time when human beings dispute the existing structure by arguing that some objects are unnecessary. Alienation to Marx does not pertain to human objects instead, it relates to production of goods and services in society. It is more concerned about ownership of the means of production. Hegel observed that labor was a positive activity in human history. However, Marx differed with him since labor is evil meaning that it causes alienation and domination in society (Polanyi, 2006). In fact, to Marx, labor is the main cause of alienation. Hegel viewed alienation to be inherently in people but Marx narrowed it down to an individual. An individual is alienated from his own activities since he or she does not have any time to conduct private activities apart from animal related ones such as eating, sleeping and procreating.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarities The two philosophers pointed out that the worker is alienated in four ways, one being alienation from the product. Although workers are the direct producers of goods, they are slaves of the goods they produce. The produced good has more value as compared to the worker because goods are to be offered maximum security and stored in safe places. Workers produce goods that they do not consume meaning they produce for others. The increase in product value decreases the viability of workers. The worker ends up being treated in the same way as goods implying that goods and workers are treated as equals. Workers are perpetually pushed to the periphery leading to alienation from the process of production (Coplestone, 1999). The way workers relate to the whole process of production leaves a lot to be desired because the relationship is unnatural and uncalled for. The workers never find satisfaction because they satisfy the interests of other individuals (Capitalists). The worker views the whole process of production as forced labor because actually it is inhuman. The worker ends up being alienated from the self because of the last two forms of alienation. The worker portrays two personalities. One is the feeling of belonging to capitalism because the worker is separated from real consciousness. On the other hand, workers perceive themselves as human beings. References Coplestone, C (1999). A history of philosophy. New York: Continuum International Publishing Group. Marx, K. (1988). The Communist Manifesto. New York, NY: W.W. Norton Co. Polanyi, K. (2006). Primitive, archaic, and modern economies. Michigan: Beacon Press. This essay on Comparison of Marx and Hegel was written and submitted by user Aleigha Aguirre to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Annabel Lee

The poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allen Poe depicts the deep anguish of a man who has lost the love of his life. Using poetic elements such as imagery and sensory perception, Poe illustrates a fairytale-like romance that is tragically cut short, perceivably by envious angels in heaven. The language and tone of the poem vividly shows the narrator’s resentment towards the cruel forces that took his love away and simultaneously exemplifies a love so strong that it transcends all things. The voice of the poem is that of a man who is struggling with feelings of bitterness and pain because of the death of his love, Annabel Lee. The story seems to be told years after the death of the young maiden, â€Å"It was many and many a year ago†, yet the tone of voice allows us to see how fresh the pain still is to the man. Because there are many references to the sea (the kingdom was by the sea and she was buried by the sea), the speaker appears to be someone who has a connection to and a love for the ocean and nature (despite the fact that it is a steady reminder, or maybe even the actual cause of her death). The reference to â€Å"the demons down under the sea†, seem to suggest this (perhaps Annabel Lee had drowned). The speaker, however, is convinced that something much more disturbing and complex has taken place: a conspiracy by the covetous and jealous angels in Heaven has taken away his love. (He fills the need to place blame somewhere.) He is angry, yet de termined, even though Annabel Lee is physically gone, to be with his love, in spirit, forever â€Å"And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee†. Although it has been many years ago since her death, everything reminds the speaker of his love, â€Å"For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes of the beaut... Free Essays on Annabel Lee Free Essays on Annabel Lee Edgar Allan Poe in his poem, ‘Annabelle Lee’ (869) uses various techniques to reveal his theme. It is largely his interest in examining a â€Å"spiritual passion that transcends human limits† which inspired Poe to write his poem (Johnson pg. 2). He does this by the use of persona, imagery, settings, rhythm/rhyme and words. In his poem, Poe uses persona to reveal his emotions in the form of a fairy tale. â€Å"It is his personal story of lost love which achieves its unique effects through its narrative voice†(Reilly pg. 2). His experience having losing his wife, whom he marries when she was only thirteen, has affected his personal life. It seems difficult for him to erase her memories from his thoughts. â€Å"It is the character of the young man who lost his lover that is talking to us through this poem†(Kelly pg. 3). This becomes obvious when he says, â€Å"But we loved with a love that was more than love, I and my Annabelle Lee†(869). Poe sees it natural to continually mourn the loss of his loved one and does not see his action immature. To him â€Å"maturity† in the sense of being able to put a lost one out of one’s mind would be a wasteful, soul deadening thing(Kelly, pg. 2). Imagery supports the emotional qualities of Poe. With the use of this technique he is able to remember her visually. He uses elements like the moon and stars and associate them with her bright eyes. These visual imageries allows him to keep her memories alive in his life. â€Å"Poe mentions the moon and stars in which he observes the bright eyes of his dear Annabel. His love becomes not just something to feel or imagine but to see†.(Johnson pg.4) The poet mentions the moon and the star in which he observes â€Å"the bright eyes† of his dear Annabel. â€Å"For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes o... Free Essays on Annabel Lee Edgar Allen Poe’s use of imagery through out the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† is highly perceivable. His strong use of images can guide you right through this poem. This particular poem starts off with a man looking back on his life as a child, falling in love with the girl of his dreams. Right here the rhythm of the poem is set at a very even pace. Poe writes about â€Å"a kingdom by the sea,† meaning how happy the speaker is and how perfect his life is with the girl. The speaker in this poem is a man who is madly in love. One can easily picture a beautiful castle by the ocean as two children are falling in love, but if you look deeper you can see that â€Å"a kingdom by the sea† really means the state of love that the boy was in (lines 23 and 24). He also says that Annabel Lee lived with no other thought â€Å"than to love and be loved by me.† This means that he was saying that she lived for him and he lived for her. By this I mean that the two of them were placed on this earth solely for the benefit of each other. With out sharing love between the two, neither of them could exist. Clearly the age if the bride did not matter since she was extremely young. Picture two children laughing, playing and having so much fun with each other that they immediately fall in love, as children. When they married she was only about twelve or thirteen. He also said that the angels themselves were jealous of the relationship if him and Annabel Lee. He felt that the angels were not happy, because of the envy for the love that they shared for each other. He says, â€Å"the winged seraph’s of heaven coveted her and me.† A seraph is a fiery angel who protects Gods throne. In a way he was saying his love was more perfect than Gods. When Annabel Lee dies you can see her highborn kinsman or â€Å"angels†, come down and carry her away from him. Then she was placed in a sepulchre. A sepulchre is a tomb that is very similar to the shrines devoted... Free Essays on Annabel Lee The poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† by Edgar Allen Poe depicts the deep anguish of a man who has lost the love of his life. Using poetic elements such as imagery and sensory perception, Poe illustrates a fairytale-like romance that is tragically cut short, perceivably by envious angels in heaven. The language and tone of the poem vividly shows the narrator’s resentment towards the cruel forces that took his love away and simultaneously exemplifies a love so strong that it transcends all things. The voice of the poem is that of a man who is struggling with feelings of bitterness and pain because of the death of his love, Annabel Lee. The story seems to be told years after the death of the young maiden, â€Å"It was many and many a year ago†, yet the tone of voice allows us to see how fresh the pain still is to the man. Because there are many references to the sea (the kingdom was by the sea and she was buried by the sea), the speaker appears to be someone who has a connection to and a love for the ocean and nature (despite the fact that it is a steady reminder, or maybe even the actual cause of her death). The reference to â€Å"the demons down under the sea†, seem to suggest this (perhaps Annabel Lee had drowned). The speaker, however, is convinced that something much more disturbing and complex has taken place: a conspiracy by the covetous and jealous angels in Heaven has taken away his love. (He fills the need to place blame somewhere.) He is angry, yet de termined, even though Annabel Lee is physically gone, to be with his love, in spirit, forever â€Å"And neither the angels in heaven above, Nor the demons down under the sea, Can ever dissever my soul from the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee†. Although it has been many years ago since her death, everything reminds the speaker of his love, â€Å"For the moon never beams, without bringing me dreams of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise, but I feel the bright eyes of the beaut...

Explore Peter Hollindale's claim that Peter Pan 'retains its magical Essay

Explore Peter Hollindale's claim that Peter Pan 'retains its magical elasticity and its ongoing modernity' (Reader 2, p. 1 - Essay Example This fantasy world is well suited to the need which parents and children have for storytelling and imagination. Another reason for the success of the play when it first came out was the depiction of characters who could fly: a technical feat that added to the entertainment value of the play, and inspired stagecraft like the use of a lightbulb to depict Tinkerbell. Because of the limitations of the stage quite a lot was left to the audience’s imagination. By all accounts J.M. Barrie himself was unsure about the play when it was being written and rehearsed, and he frequently changed the text, including names of characters, and details of the plot. (Carpenter and Prichard, p. 405) Some of the characters were drawn from real people, or indeed animals, in the author’s own life, for example his older brother who died in a skating accident and his pet dog who was the inspiration for Nana. The persona of Peter Pan, however, made Barrie immediately famous and captured the imagin ation of the literary world. Just as Barrie had reworked elements from his own life history the play, so he later reworked elements of the play into a novel, and others created films, cartoons, and even ballets and musicals out of this initial play. Peter Hollindale remarks that the play â€Å"retains its magical elasticity and its on-going modernity (Reader 2, p. 159) and describes how the character of Peter Pan himself contains endless sources of fascination. There are elements of innocence and childishness, like the fairy dust that makes people fly, and a lot of childish boasting but also some deeper psychological undercurrents that suggest more serious messages for an adult audience: â€Å"this is a play about the boundaries between childhood and adulthood.† (Reader 2, p. 161) There is something tragic about a boy fighting against his destiny to grow up and become an adult, a point not lost on Michael Jackson who named his home â€Å"Neverland† after the Peter Pan ’s fantasy world. In the play Peter Pan steadfastly resists any hint of growing older, the human children all gradually give in to their fate, even to the point where Wendy no longer has any need for Peter and his childish world. The story operates on two levels: the childish insistence on unrealistic and impossible things, and the adult realisation that there is no way to stop the passage of time and the loss of innocence. As Hollindale says: â€Å"The play provides a shared arena for children and grown-ups, playfully living forward and living back.† (Reader 2, p. 161.) The children get a taste of what lies ahead for them, while adults can indulge in some nostalgia for their childhood. There is a dark side to the play, and this can be seen in some of the far-fetched explanations that Peter Pan gives regarding the world he inhabits: â€Å"Wendy Where do you live now? Peter With the lost boys. Wendy Who are they? Peter They are the children who fall out of their prams when the nurse is looking the other way. If they are not claimed in seven days they are sent far away to Never Land. I’m captain.† (Peter Pan: 1:1, lines 441-443) This is an indication, perhaps, that death is the ultimate way of resisting adulthood, and that Peter Pan in some respects represents the author’s way of working through the loss of his dead older brother,

Environmental Chemical Compound Research Writing Assignment Paper - 1

Environmental Chemical Compound Writing Assignment - Research Paper Example It is a non-corrosive, colourless gas2. At low concentrations it is odourless, but at very high concentrations it has an odour similar to that of ether3. It has a melting point of -157.7⠁ °C and a boiling point of -29.8⠁ °C4. It is soluble in water and many other organic solvents such as benzene and cyclohenxanone5. It has a molecular weight of 120.913 and does not burn in air6. It is normally compressed and stored as liquefied gas7. It has a vapour pressure of 4850 mmHg8. Because of the non-corrosive nature and very low boiling point of dichlorodifluoromethane, it was mainly used as a refrigerant in numerous home and industrial settings; it could not damage the mechanical components of the refrigerators. It was also used as an aerosol propellant in many pharmaceutical products such as Salbutamol and cosmetic sprays. Another use was in fire extinguishing systems, where it was used as a foaming agent. The chemical was also as an intermediate chemical in the production of other chemicals such as fluoropolymers9. Dichlorodifluoromethane was released into the environment during its production, transportation, storage and eventual use. Because of its high vapour pressure, any dichlorodifluoromethane that was released onto the ground quickly found its way into the atmosphere through volatilisation. Once in the atmosphere, the chemical accumulated in the troposphere. In this part of the atmosphere, the chemical was found to be very stable because it did not photodissociate at the wavelengths of light higher than 200 nm found in the troposphere. It accumulated in the troposphere and then spread around the world, and then diffused into the stratosphere after around thirty years. Once in the stratosphere, the chemical underwent photodissociation, influenced by the strong, short wavelength UV light10: These reactions contributed to the ozone destructions. The fact that a chlorine atom gets

Cultural Traits Of Lysistrata Analysis Religion Essay

Cultural Traits Of Lysistrata Analysis Religion Essay It is interesting to see how much culture varies from one civilization to another across the world and throughout history, but amazingly enough they all have many similarities. By reading these ancient poems and stories, I can relate too many of their cultural traits. I find the Greek culture to be the most interesting, and through the literature such as Aristophanes Lysistrata, I can see many cultural similarities. From the story Lysistrata, the women of Greece join together to voice their opinion that they should be treated as equals. The Peloponnesian War is taking place during the story and all the women are left at home alone because their husbands are off fighting in the war. The women are tired of their husbands being gone and want the war to end before all of Greece is destroyed. Led by Lysistrata, the women of Greece join together and take over the Akropolis and devise a plan to end the war by withholding sex from the men. From this culture we see that women are presumed to be kind of a slave for the men. Their duties should be the care of the house and the children. Cooking, cleaning, sewing and pleasing the husband were their jobs. Even in our culture today these things are considered to be the womans responsibilities. Their opinions did not matter to the men and were better left unsaid, the same as our culture in earlier years. Even today the opinion of a woman does not matter to som e men. They are believed to be not as intelligent as the man and should only concern themselves with house hold chores, caring for the children, and pleasing the husband. The men of this culture were dominant over the women and fought the wars, took care of the finances and headed the government. All of the decisions for Greece and the people of Greece were made by the men. Through Lysistrata, we can clearly see that the woman of Greece are tired of being treated as thought they were inferior, a common problem that we have had throughout our culture and history and probably always will. They believed they should have some influence in the government as well as the household, and that their opinion should be taken into consideration. In order for the women to be taken seriously, they withheld sex from the men and locked themselves in the Akropolis, vowing not to return home until the war had ended and their opinions be heard equally alongside the men. This fight for womens rights has been seen throughout our cultural history as well and seems, in a way, to still be going on today. The Greek culture and most of our culture has been dominated by the man. Our country was founded and ran by the men, with the women having many of the same responsibilities as the Greek women did in the story of Lysistrata. The Greek men did not believe the women had the right to have a say in the government or with matters of war, the same as the men throughout our cultural history. The same battle that is being fought by the women in Lysistrata for their rights has been fought by the women of our culture. The Greek men finally learned a lesson. They gave into the women and listened to what they had to say and ended the war, vowing that the women would have a say in things. This is similar to our culture in that, since the fight for womens rights has begun, they are now allowed to be government officials, hold jobs outside of the home, and even fight in wars. Another cultural trait of the Greek people was the worship of many Gods. Many of the ancient cultures back then believed in and worshiped more than one God. The people built their lives around these Gods. They lived in fear of these Gods and obeyed all of what they were told. They would have dreams and visions of these Gods or events of the future and believed they would come true since the Gods put it before their eyes. All that they did revolved around the worship of these Gods, even in their battles, they fought the way they believed the Gods wanted. They fought for the Gods with all they had never to do them unjust or have them disgraced. Unlike today where many people in our culture do not even worship a God or either show little in their respect or love for him. Our culture differs from the ancient Greeks, in that we are a monotheistic culture. We only believe in one God where as the Greeks had a dozen or more Gods. While the Greek culture revolved around the Gods, our religiou s culture, it seems, is slowly dying. You can see the importance of these Gods to the Greek culture by the many different statues and monuments they built to honor them. They made separate statues and monuments to worship each one of these Gods. You can also see the importance of the Gods through their literature. Almost every story or poem that I have read from the ancient Greeks has references to the gods and many are written about the Gods. We do not see this in our culture today since most of our literature contains nothing about our God. Our culture as a whole probably shows less respect or loyalty for our God than the Greeks did even for the least important God they had. Though many years apart, it is interesting to see how the cultural traits vary from one culture to the next throughout history. It is clearly seen, by reading the ancient poems and stories of the Greeks, how our culture and theirs compare and contrast. Although there are many different beliefs between our present culture and the ones of the past, many of their traits seem to have been carried over and are still present in our culture today.